广州空港口岸非洲航班入境旅客传染病罹患因素研究

The research of infectious diseases risk factors on Africa-China direct flights travelers at Guangzhou Baiyun airport

目的针对广州空港口岸非洲航班入境旅客个人基本情况、国内外生活和工作环境、个人在国外生活状况、传染病认知度、传染病防控主动获知意识等五大要素进行流行病学调查,研究其传染病罹患因素,探讨如何针对性强化境内外防控措施。方法 2010—2014年,在广州白云国际机场口岸,针对非洲航班中国籍入境旅客发放调查表并统一回收统计。结果非洲航班入境旅客以男性为主,占94.23%;88.55%的旅客年龄集中在20-49岁之间;职业以劳务和商务人员为多,合计达68.14%;入境旅客在非生活地区以城市及周边郊区为主;传染病知识宣教和防护用品发放通常由当地政府、医疗机构提供,一般为驱蚊药物、口罩、手套等;52.07%的入境旅客声称身边有传染病患者,多为疟疾、登革热、流感等;入境旅客承认在境外期间有蚊虫叮咬史者最多,达80.46%;仅有11.07%和13.47%的旅客能正确认知以埃博拉出血热为代表的新发传染病传播途径及预防措施,入境有发热等不适症状时,仅有27.24%的旅客选择将情况告知口岸检疫部门。结论非洲航班入境旅客在境外受传染病威胁较大,自身传染病知识尤其是新发传染病知识、个人防护及主动配合意识有待加强,在境外感染传染病后输入我国导致本地疫情暴发的可能性不容忽视。检验检疫、卫生、劳务等部门应通力合作,采取积极主动的针对性境内外防控措施,达到提前防范风险的目标。

Objective To analyze the five risk factors such as the personal situation,living and working conditions at abroad of travelers who entered china by Africa-China direct flights at Guangzhou Baiyun airport,and discuss how to strengthen the prevention and control measures. Methods Issuing questionnaires to the Chinese travelers who entered China by Africa-China direct flights at Guangzhou Baiyun airport in 2010 —2014 and recovered in the form of a unified statistical investigation. Results The travelers were male-dominated,accounting for 94.23%; 88.55% of them aged between 20-49 years old. With labor and business people as much,adding up to 68.14%;Most of the travelers lived in cities and surrounding suburbs. The education of infectious diseases and protective equipment were usually provided by local government or medical institutions,usually mosquito drugs,masks,gloves,etc.;52.07% of the travelers claimed they often met infectious diseases patients,mostly for malaria,dengue fever and influenza patients;80.46% of the travelers recognized a history of mosquito bites; only 11.5% and 13.47% of the travelers knew the transmission way of the emerging infectious diseases and preventive measures; only 27.24% of the travelers chose to inform the quarantine officers when they had the symptoms such as fever. Conclusion Because lack of knowledge and awareness to infectious diseases,the threat of infectious diseases in Africa spreading into China by Africa-China direct flights travelers and caused local outbreaks is very huge. Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau should work hard with other relevant departments and strengthen effective measures to protect the travelers ＇ health and control the spread of imported infectious diseases.