中国折中主义(上)：西式折中在中国的实践

China's Eclecticism(Ⅰ):the Practice of Western-style Eclecticism in China

中国近代建筑师的西式折中风格在中国的实践早于中式折中,即始于20世纪10年代末。一般,折中给人的印象要比古典来得精简,要比现代多些繁复,通常与项目和场地的条件、预算,以及类型有很大的关系。前几期提到的以西方古典为主线的建筑师(庄俊、沈理源、杨锡宗),以及其他建筑师,如关颂声、柳士英、贝寿同、过养默、张邦翰、刘敦桢、朱彬、李锦沛、杨廷宝等,都或多或少进作过西式折中设计,他们大部分留学美国,受学院派教育,并在当地工作过,回国后,直接引进他们所熟悉的西式折中设计,除此之外,部分受境内教育培养或自学出身的建筑师也进作过西式折中设计,如周惠南、刘根泰、卢镛标、阎子亨、杨锡镠、杨润玉、伍泽元、黄元吉等,因他们部分人曾在洋人的设计机构工作过,或多或少受到西式折中设计的洗礼,进而在日后独立执业时有所发挥。

The practice of modern Chinese architects＇ western eclectic style in China is earlier than the practice of Chinese-style eclecticism, which began in the late 1910s. Generally, eclecticism gives the impression of simpler than the classicism, and more complicated than modernism. This usually has a lot to do with the project, site, conditions, budget, and the type. The Previously mentioned western classical architects （Zhuang Jun, Shen liyuan, Yang Xizong）, and other architects, such as Guan Songsheng, Liu Shiying, Bei Shoutong, Guo Yangmo, Zhang Banghan, Liu Dunzhen, Zhu Bin, Li Jinpei, Yang tingbao, etc, have more orless practiced western eclecticism. Most of them studied in the United States, having received the academic education and worked in the US. When they came back to China, they introduced directly the familier western eclectic style in their design. In addition, some of the home-trained and self-educated architects also practiced western eclectic design, such as Zhou Huinan, Liu Gentai, Lu Yongbiao, Yan Ziheng, Yang Xiliu, Yang Runyu, Wu Zeyuan, Huang yuanji and so on, for some of them had worked in foreigners＇ design organization, they were more or less influenced by the western eclectic style, and developed somewhat in their future practice.