行星模拟景观：景观、太空探索、虚构场景设计

TERRESTRIAL ANALOGUES:LANDSCAPES,SPACE EXPLORATION,AND DESIGN FICTION

在地球上模拟月球或火星等天体在过去或现在某一特定时期的地质特征、环境属性和生物条件的景观,称为"行星模拟景观"。这类模拟场地被用于进行太空探索领域内的相关活动,包括研究在其他星球上观察到的地质和生物过程,以及为宇航员在天体表面活动进行准备。本项目以距离亚利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫市19.3km处的火山渣湖坑场为研究对象。该场地曾为美国国家宇航局提供了一个绝佳的"月球模拟景观",即地球上某一块与月球的地质条件和地形特征极为相似的区域。该地区地表覆盖的玄武岩火山渣与阿波罗11号选定的月球着陆点"静海"的地表物质完全相同。1968年,美国地质勘探局的天文地质学研究小组参照卫星照片,在此模拟打造了月坑群。本文将探讨该项目的历史,场地的重新规划与设计:从一个为模拟月球环境及登月演习而诞生的场所,到其伴随阿波罗计划的衰落与重启而变迁的历史,再到如今以露天博物馆公园这种独特形式吸引公众参与的新生场地——"月球公园"。

Terrestrial Analogues are sites on Earth with an assumed past or present geological, environmental or biological conditions of a celestial body such as the Moon or Mars. Analogue sites are used in the frame of space exploration to study geological or biological processes observed on other planets and to prepare astronauts for surface activity. The project focuses on the Cinder Lakes crater field, a terrestrial analogue located 13 mites from Flagstaff, Arizona which offered NASA the perfect location for a lunar analogue, a portion of Earth used to simulate lunar geology and topography. The area is covered in basaltic cinders, the same material that covers Mare Tranquillitatis, the landing site for theApotlo 11 mission, In 1968, using satellite photographs, the USGS＇s Astrogeotogy Division sculpted lunar craters within the site. This article will explore the project from its history to the reprogramming and design of the site. Froma site that once used for simulations and routine fieldwork rehearsal to the dissolution and rejuvenation of the Apollo program and how in its new farm, will engage the public through an open-air museum park. the ＇Lunar Field.＂