街道城市主义 新数据环境下城市研究与规划设计的新思路

Street Urbanism A New Perspective for Urban Studies and City Planning in the New Data Environment

如果将城市比作人体,街道就如同人体的骨骼,地块如同人体的肌肉。在过去的若干年里受到数据和中国城市发展阶段的限制,地块(及网格)已经成为城市研究、规划编制和规划管理的基本单元,但作为骨骼起到支撑作用的街道没有得到更大的重视,对其主要的关注和探讨更多地来自于设计师和社会观察家(偏质性)。在这样的背景下,文章提出了街道城市主义的概念,它在认识论层面上是认识城市的一种方式,在方法论层面上是建立以街道为个体的城市空间分析、统计、模拟和评价的框架体系,致力于发展相应的城市理论、支撑街道尺度的实证研究以及实践层面的规划设计支持。在数据增强设计的框架下,街道城市主义将吸收已有设计师、评论家和学者对街道的思考和认识,并结合成熟理论将其成果用于设计实践。文章对街道城市主义的研究框架和初步的研究案例进行了详细介绍。

Urban parcels and blocks have been adopted as basic units for urban studies, planning and designs in the recent decades. However, we see very few attentions on urban streets except the qualitative discussions from urban designers and critics. Under such a background, this paper proposes the concept of Street Urbanism as a new perspective for quantitative urban studies and city planning ＆ design in the new data environment composed by the increasingly available big and open urban data.Street Urbanism provides a new lens for understanding and analyzing urban structure and social activities. It also aims to establish a framework for quantitatively analyzing, modeling and evaluating urban streets, thus providing new opportunities for developing urban theories, conducting empirical urban studies as well as supporting planning and design. This paper elaborates the detailed methodologies of Street Urbanism and five empirical applications for Chinese cities.