论国家公园生态观——以美国国家公园为例

The Ecological Views of National Parks——Case Studies of American National Parks

100多年来,国家公园制度作为一种严格保护并合理利用自然文化资源的可持续发展理念和举措,在全球得到普遍认可和推广,其核心在于拥有认识自然并合理利用自然的科学"生态观"。以国家公园诞生地——美国为例,探讨了国家公园生态观的3个重要内容:国家公园的生态概念、生态功能和保护利用的生态措施。这些生态观对中国生态文明建设、国家公园体制创建以及正确处理自然文化遗产保护利用关系具有重要的启示作用。

Over a century, as a view and measure of sustainable development through strict protection and rational utilization, the national park system has been acknowledged and popularized nniversally all over the world, while its key lies in the scientific ＂ecological views＂ of understanding and utilizing nature wisely. The paper takes the United States of America, the birthplace of national parks, as an example to discuss on three crucial contents of ecological views of national parks： national parks＇ ecological conceptions, ecological functions and ecological measures of protection and utilization. These ecological views play an important and instructive role in ecological civilization construction, building national park system and correctly handling the relationship between protection and utilization of cultural and natural heritages in China.