基于STEPS的历史地段火灾疏散模拟研究

Research on Evacuation Simulation in Historic District Based on STEPS

作为具有生命力的遗产,历史地段不断受到来自火灾的严重威胁。在保护历史地段自身安全的同时,地段内公众的疏散避难安全应得到保证。为了在保护历史地段的基础上保障公众的火灾疏散避难安全性,应用基于细胞自动机的理论的STEPS软件,以宁波走马塘古村落为例,以疏散时间、出口距离、通道使用强度3个指标为依据,对历史地段进行火灾疏散避难模拟分析,对历史地区空间规划提出相应的改造策略,并进行进一步的模拟验证。

As a kind of relic which still has its life, historic districts suffer the threat of fire hazard. At the same time, when we protect the safety of physical environment of historic district, the evacuation safety of the public living there should also be guaranteed. In order to protect the public evacuation safety in the premise of protecting the historical environment, the essay applies STEPS software, which is based on the theory of Cellular Automaton, taking Ningbo Zoumatang historical village for instance, using three indicators, evacuation time, exit potential, path using intensity, to simulate the evacuation in the fire and to analyze the possible problems. Then, the essay gives corresponding strategy and makes another simulation to prove the efficiency of the strategy.