丹陵沜中小天地,杏花春馆山水情——圆明园杏花春馆景区土山理法初探

Study of the Landscape Artificial Mound Design Method of the Spring Apricot Blossom Lodge in Yuanmingyuan

圆明园杏花春馆景区筑山寻找地脉特质以合地宜,借景自然与文化资源,筑山的立意与土山功能、布局、形势、建筑布局及植物营造相得益彰,并符合自然排水及改善小气候的要求,在咫尺空间里创造了"有真为假、做假成真"的山林意境。试在结合相关史料文献研究、圆明园四十景图咏以及在对不同时期测绘图的比对研究的基础上,复原盛期(乾隆二十年,1755年)景区土山营造的模型,对其筑山理法和技术处理进行系统的研究,通过分析其外部与内部环境,深入剖析其土山营造的借景、意境与章法,以期更深刻地理解中国传统园林土山设计理法,并为现代园林的土山设计与营造提供借鉴。

The landscape artificial mound（TLAM） of the Spring Apricot Blossom Lodge in Yuanmingyuan looked for the quality of site context to merge into the site. Supported from natural resources and cultural resources, the conception of TLAM design complemented each other with functions, arrangements, Xing（form） and Shi（potential）, as well as correlated with the building layout and planting construction. Meanwhile, it met the qualification of natural drainage and micro-climate improvement. It built the artistic conception of mountain forest, which conforms to the principle of ＂make artificial view according to nature and make artificial become natural＂ within a small scale. This paper conducted a series of systematic studies on method and technology of TLAM, based on historical literature review, the description and presentation drawing of 40 Sites of Yuanmingyuan, the comparison research of mapping during different periods and restored model which presented TLAM in 1755 A.D. Through analyzing the garden internal and external environment, it summarized jiejing（scenery supporting from）, artistic conception and art of composition of TLAM design. Overall, it is expected to provide a profound interpretation of TLAM design in Chinese traditional garden, thereby to provide a profound and valuable reference for the design and construction of TLAM in Chinese modern garden..