马克思新唯物主义视野下历史虚无主义的流变

The Origin of Historical Nihilism in Marx's New Materialism Perspective

历史虚无主义作为一种社会思潮,像其他社会思潮一样,也有其内在的发展逻辑。就近年来我国学术界论及的历史虚无主义而言,这一社会思潮的历史由来具体体现为孕育、发展于西方,而后逐渐浸染近现代中国的"西学东渐"之进程。西方语境下的历史虚无主义指的是虚无主义对历史学的渗透和浸染,其发展大致产生了传统历史哲学和现代历史编纂学两大形态。马克思新唯物主义对这两大思想形态进行了批判,指出传统历史哲学是不自觉的历史虚无主义,现代历史编纂学实质上是隐性历史虚无主义。中国语境中自古以来存在着虚无哲学,但却不曾有历史虚无主义的精神基因。中国语境中的历史虚无主义是地地道道的思想舶来品。作为舶来品的历史虚无主义,由于其思想载体的不同,由于人们对其思想载体的理解和理解程度的不同,存在着多种表现形态,对近代以来中国的影响也就相应地有所不同。

Just like other social thoughts, historical nihilism also has its inherent development logic.As far as historical nihilism itself is being concerned in our academic circles,its historical origin was embodied in the following several stages,which included that it was bred,was developing in the west, and then gradually was disseminating in modern China through the form of ＂ Western learning＂ process.Historical nihilism in the context of west was regarded as the thought of nihilism penetrating and contaminating history, and its development formed about two patterns of traditional philosophy of history and modern history compilation.The new materialism of Marx criticized the two forms of thoughts and pointed out that the traditional philosophy of history is the non-conscious form of the historical nihilism and modern historiography is essencially the hidden historical nihilism.In the context of China, there is philosophy about nothingness since ancient times,but there is not the spirit gene of historical nihilism.The historical nihilism in the Chinese context is authentically the exotic thoughts.Because the historical nihilism, as an exotic,has different thought carriers which people have different understanding of, it has multiple existing forms and correspondingly has different influence on modern China.