忽推哈敦与伊利汗国前期政治——蒙古制度在西亚的实践

Qūtuy Khātūn and the Political Process in the Early Ilkhanate:the Practice of Mongol Tradition System in Western Asia

忽推哈敦是伊利汗国建立者旭烈兀的皇后,也是第三任伊利汗阿合马的母亲。她在旭烈兀西征时留守蒙古,于旭烈兀去世后来到伊朗。她在伊朗具有"大皇后"的高贵身份,并随着阿合马的即位而地位达到顶峰。她的参政和辅佐未能挽救阿合马的败亡命运,但其生平和活动为研究者勾勒出了伊利汗国前期的发展和政治的更迭。本文以波斯语文献为主要史料,通过对忽推哈敦生平事迹的全面梳理,考察了蒙古斡耳朵制度的"西迁"和皇后干政惯例在西亚的实践,并着重探讨蒙古基本法"札撒"在伊利汗国前期政治中所受到的坚持与挑战。

Qūtuy Khātūn was one of the queens of Hulāgu khan,and the mother of A·hmad,the third Ilkhan. She was left in Mughūlistān during Hulāgu's western march,and arrived in Iran after his death. She was titled as the Great Queen, and reach the summit position when her son became the king. Although she could not change the destiny of A·hmad by assisting him in rule affairs,Qūtuy Khātūn can show us the situation and development of political process in the early Ilkhanate. Based on the Persian historical literatures,the article tries to figure out the life and activities of Qūtuy Khātūn,and investigate the issues on Mongol Ordu system,women participating in politics and how ' Yasa' functioned and was challenged in the early Ilkhante.