再谈蒙元时代的孛可孙

A Re-examination of B█kesün during the Mongol-Yuan Period

本文探讨了元代史料中屡见的"孛可孙"一词的词源和职掌,考察了这一蕴含着强烈蒙古因素的职官在蒙元时代诸汗国的流变。孛可孙源于"饱食"一词,最初的职能与宝儿赤相近。随着蒙古帝国的扩张和官僚制度的建立,孛可孙的职能产生了分化,承担起关支粮草的职能,得以掌握甄别怯薛的权力。汉式官僚机构度支院专掌刍粟,其设立与武宗时期的政治派系斗争密切相关,其实并没有将孛可孙最核心的职能纳入其中。

This article focuses on the derivation and function of ' b?kesün'( often seen in historical materials of the Yuan Dynasty),and observes the change of this position in other khanates of the Mongol period,which was strongly rooted in Mongol tradition. The etymology of b?kesün meant voracious,and its initial function was similar to bawurci. While the Mongol Empire expanded and the bureaucracy was established,b?kesün functioned to distribute food and forage, thus had the power to distinguish ke-sik. Duzhiyuan,especially in charge of forage, was established in close connection with the political struggle during Wuzong's reign,but it did not include the core function of b?kesün.