急诊室急性心力衰竭患者病因分析

Etiological analysis of acute heart failure patients in emergency department

目的了解急诊室急性心力衰竭患者病因分布特点。方法回顾性调查和分析我院急诊抢救室2012年～2014年收治的急性心力衰竭患者，对其病因分布进行统计学分析。结果共有1438例急性心力衰竭患者人选，占同期所有病例的10．65％。其中男性928例，平均年龄（63．33±14．68）岁；女性510例，平均年龄（59．97±16．85）岁。急诊室急性心衰常见原因有：高血压、冠心病、肺源性心脏病、慢性肾功能不全、心肌病、老年性心瓣膜病、心包积液、风湿性心脏病等。不同原因心衰年龄分布有差别。心衰急诊治疗以利尿、扩血管、强心，使用醛固酮受体拮抗剂为主，部分无效者加用无创或者有创呼吸机辅助通气、血液透析等治疗手段。结论急诊室急性心力衰竭患者比例较高，其中男性发病率更高。不同原因心衰年龄分布有差异。急诊室急性心衰病因以高血压、冠心病、肺源性心脏病及慢性肾功能不全为主。

Objective To analyze the etiological distribution pathogenesis of acute heart failure （AHF） in emergency department. Methods The Clinical data were collected from of AHF patients who were admitted to our department from January 2012 to December 2014 before were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 1438 patients with AHF were enrolled, accounted for 10.65% of all cases during this period. Among them 928 were men and 510 women, with male with an average age of （63.33＋14.68） and （59.97_＋16.85） years old. Common causes Major reasons for AHF included were： high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, chronic renal insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, senile heart valvular disease, pericardial effusion, and rheumatic valvular heart disease, etc.The age of AHF patients was significantly different for different causes. Therapeutic methods of AHF include the use of diuresisdiuretics, vasodilationors, and enhanced heart function, cardiotonics and aldosterone receptor antagonists. For those patients with poor therapeutic effects, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation and, invasive mechanical ventilation or hemodialysis were used. Conclusion The ration of AHF patients in emergency department is high, and the incidence of male is higher than female.The The main causes of AHF in emergency department are high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, pulmonary heart disease and chronic renal insufficiency.