获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并隐球菌性脑膜炎患者的眼部护理

Care for eyes of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome complicated with cryptococcal meningitis

目的总结获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）合并隐球菌性脑膜炎患者的眼部并发症及眼部护理方法。方法回顾性分析42例AIDS合并隐球菌性脑膜炎患者的眼部并发症,总结其护理方案。结果 19例患者（37只眼）出现视乳头水肿,6例患者（12只眼）出现视神经萎缩,2例患者（4只眼）出现脉络膜病灶,3例患者（6只眼）出现复视,1例患者单眼合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎（CMVR）。11例患者眼底正常。42例患者（84只眼）中17只眼视力为光感-0.1,12只眼视力为0.12-0.3,视力≤0.3的患眼占总数的34.5%,55只眼视力为0.4-1.0。结论临床护理工作中应密切观察患者的颅内压、视力及眼底变化,对低视力患者加强生活技能及视力的训练,有利于控制病情,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To summarize the complications and nursing methods for eyes of the patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS）and Cryptococcal meningitis. Methods Total of 42 AIDS patients complicated with Cryptococcal meningitis infection in eyes were analyzed, while the nursing plans were summarized. Results There were 19 cases（37 eyes） with papilledemas; 6 cases（12 eyes） with optic atrophy; 2 cases（4 eyes） with multifocal choroiditis; 3 cases（6 eyes） with diplopias; one eye of a patient with cytomegalovirus retinitis（CMVR）. Eleven cases were with normal fundus. Among the 84 eyes, the visual acuity of 17 eyes were light perception to 0.1; 12 eyes were 0.12-0.3. The cases with the visual acuities less than 0.3 were 34.52%. The visual acuities of 55 eyes with the 0.4 to 1.0. Conclusions In clinical nursing, it is beneficial for the patients to manage the condition and improve the quality of life, by observing the change of intracranial pressure, visual acuity and fundus closely, and the exercises of life skills and vision trainings for patients with low visions were improved.