2014年某院现患率调查分析

Analysis of prevalence rates of a hospital in 2014

目的了解医院感染现状,为进一步规范及完善医院感染管理的监控方案、开展目标性监测等工作提供可靠依据。方法以病区为基本单元,各临床科室的感染管理兼职医生及护士担任调查员,统一采用《医院感染现患率调查登记表》,采用病历调查和床旁相结合的方式,对当日全院所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果收集住院患者1 856例,实际调查1 841例,实查率99.19%。医院感染者50例,医院感染现患率2.72%,医院感染例次52例,医院感染例次率2.82%;社区感染者416例,社区感染患病率22.6%,社区感染例次426例,社区感染例次率23.14%。无论是社区感染还是医院感染下呼吸道感染均位居首位,分别为50.94%和65.38%。医院感染的50例患者中,阴性菌感染23例,其中鲍曼不动杆菌11例,占总构成比47.83%;社区感染主要病原体是其他病原体(12例、21.43%),而铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌各占17.86%。在1 841调查患者中有606例使用抗菌药物,使用率为32.92%;其中预防用药患者134例(22.11%),治疗用药患者442例(72.94%),既预防又治疗用药患者30例(4.95%)。结论本次现患率调查真实地反映了本院感染的动态,更加明确了医院感染防控重点科室与重点环节,进一步为针对性地开展感染控制提供了依据,同时也增强了全院医务人员对医院感染知识的了解和掌握。

Objective To investigate the present status of nosocomial infection, and to provide a reliable basis for further standardization and improve hospital infection monitoring scheme, management to carry out targeted monitoring work. Methods As the basic unit to ward, infection management of parttime doctors and nurses in different clinical departments were taken as investigators, and unified ＂prevalence survey of nosocomial infection by registration form＂ was used, by the way of case investigation and bedside combination. The prevalence of nosocomial infection of all patients in a day in our hospital were investigated. Results Total of 1 856 patients were collected, among whom 1 841 patients were actually surveied, with the actual investigation rate of 99.19%. There were 50 cases with nosocomial infection, with the rate of 2.72%. There were 52 cases with hospital infection, with the rate of 2.82%. Total of 416 cases with infection in community, with the rate of 22.6%, there were 426 cases with community infection, with the rate of 23.14%. The infection of lower respiratory tract ranked the first in hospital infection and community-acquired infection, with 50.94% and 65.38%, respectively. Among the 50 cases with hospital infection, 23 cases were with Gram-negative bacteria infection, including 11（47.83%） cases with Acinetobacter bacillus. The main pathogen infection in community was other pathogens（12 cases, 21.43%）, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli followed by 17.86%, respectively. Among the 1 841 patients, there were 606（32.92%） cases had used antibiotics; 34（22.11%） cases taken for preventive medication, 442（72.94%） cases taken for treatment, 30（4.95%） cases taken for both prevention and treatment. Conclusions The prevalence survey reflected the dynamic infection in our hospital, and the key departments and points in the prevention and control of hospital infection were clear, a basis for the infection controls, the levels of understand and master for knowledge of hospital infection should be enhanced in our hospital, which fully proved to be a good infection control need the joint efforts of all levels of medical staff.