地塞米松对硬膜外腔应用吗啡所致恶心呕吐的影响

Effects of dexamethasone on epidural morphine-related nausea and vomiting

目的观察地塞米松对术后硬膜外腔应用吗啡镇痛引起的恶心呕吐的拮抗作用.方法将84例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级需硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉下行下腹部手术的病人随机分为地塞米松组(Ⅰ组,n=42)和生理盐水组(Ⅱ组,n=42),术毕2组病人均经硬膜外腔注射吗啡2mg镇痛.经硬膜外腔注射吗啡前,Ⅰ组静脉注射地塞米松10mg,Ⅱ组静脉注射生理盐水2 ml.观察术后24 h两组病人恶心呕吐的发生情况.结果Ⅰ组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率分别为12%和7%,S组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率分别为31%和21%,2组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率均有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论静脉注射地塞米松10 mg可显著降低术后硬膜外腔吗啡镇痛引起的恶心呕吐的发生率.

Objective To observe the effect of intravenous dexamethasone injections in preventing nausea and vomiting result-ed from epidural morphine for post-operation pain relief. Methods Eighty-four adult patients (ASA classⅠtoⅡ) requiring epidural anesthesia for low abdominal surgical procedures were randomly divided into 2 groups, of which Group 1 (n=42) re-ceived intravenous dexamethasone injections at 10 mg and Group 2 (n=42) intravenous injection of 2 ml normal saline before administration of 2 mg epidural morphine for post-operation pain relief. The incidence of nausea and vomiting were recorded within 24 h after surgery. Results The incidence of nausea and vomiting were 12% and 7% in Group 1, while 31% and 21% in Group 2 respectively, showing significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05). The total incidence of nausea and vomiting were also significantly different (19% vs52%, P<0.01). Conclusion Intravenous dexamethasone injections at 10 mg can significantly decrease the incidence of epidural morphing-related nausea and vomiting.