2005─2014年武威市水痘流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Wuwei from 2005 to 2014

目的分析甘肃省武威市近10年水痘发病的强度及流行病学特征,为制定水痘的防控措施及效果评价提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2005─2014年武威市水痘的监测数据。结果 2005─2014年武威市共报告水痘病例3 803例,年均发病率为20.23/10万;天祝县发病率最高31.29/10万,民勤县最低为7.05/10万,各县(区)水痘发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=142.006,P<0.05);全年均有病例报告,5─7月和11月─次年1月出现发病高峰,呈明显双峰分布;男性发病高于女性,男女性别比1.59∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=761.367,P<0.05);病例多分布在15岁以下人群中,报告3 726例,占发病总数的97.96%。结论武威市水痘发病以散发为主,小学生和托幼儿童为高发人群,应加强对重点人群和重点地区的疫情监测,有效并及时接种水痘疫苗,是控制水痘聚集性病例和暴发疫情的有效措施。

Objective To analyze intensity and the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox of the latest ten years in Wuwei city, to providing evidence for formulating control strategy and evaluating effect on chickenpox. Methods Descriptively epidemiological method was taken to analyze the monitoring data of chickenpox from 2005 to 2014. Results Totally3 803 chickenpox cases were reported in Wuwei city from 2005 to 2014, with average annual incidende of 20.23/100 000.The highest incidence was 31.29/100 000 in Tianzhu county, while the lowest was 7.05/100 000 in Minqin county, with statistical difference among the counties（χ2=142.006, P〈0.05）. There were chickenpox cases reported all the year round, with the peak period in May to July and Dec. to Jan. in the next year, showing a bimodal distribution. The cases were much more in the male than in the female, with ratio of 1.59∶1 and statistical difference（χ2=761.367, P〈0.05）. Chickenpox was more popular in crowds under 15 years old, reporting 3 726 cases, and accounting for 97.96% of the total. Conclusions The chickenpox in Wuwei city is sporadic and mainly occurs in kindergarten children and pupils in primary school. Epidemic surveillance should be strengthened in the focus crowds and areas. Effective and timely vaccination of chickenpox vaccine is one of the effective measures of controlling aggregation cases and epidemic outbreak.