论港口国执行管辖制度对欧盟海运ETS域外管辖的限制——兼及中国应对策略

The Limitation of Port State Enforcement Jurisdiction to the Extraterritorial Jurisdiction of EU Marine ETS and China's Countermeasures

继欧盟将国际航空纳入其单边ETS之后,欧盟一直积极筹划就国际海运也采取类似措施。但如果欧盟继续沿用其在航空领域的做法,要求外国船舶为其涉欧航程的全部碳排放购买相应排放配额的话,对外国船舶在欧盟管辖海域以外的排放行为,欧盟海运ETS将构成一种域外管辖。尽管根据国际海洋法,欧盟可以基于港口国地位对船舶域外行为行使一定的管辖权,但这种域外管辖的合法性取决于其执行措施是否符合国际海洋法的规定。欧盟海运ETS代表了发达国家一个新的海运单边主义动向,对此,中国应及早研究因应之策。

After integrating international aviation into EU ETS, EU prepares to take similar measure to tackle emissions from international shipping. However,it may be an extraterritorial jurisdiction if EU marine ETS takes similar way as it did in international aviation and covers the whole voyages from non-EU vessels that take place beyond EU territory in conformity with international law. Although it is permissive for EU marine ETS to extend its port state jurisdiction beyond EU's jurisdictional sea areas in accordance with international law of the sea to some extent,its legality depends on what enforcement measures it take to foreign vessels' entering into EU ports when violation of EU marine ETS happens. The EU marine ETS is a newlyappeared unilateralism. As a result, China should pay immediate attention to it and assess its potential impact on China in advance.