北京市老年人口空间分布格局特征及驱动力

Spatial Patterns Characteristics and Driving Forces of Elderly Population Distribution in Beijing City

基于北京市第五次、第六次人口普查街道数据,多尺度考察了北京市老年人口的空间分布演化特征。研究表明:2000—2010年北京城市功能拓展区老年人口分布最为集中,城市发展新区增长迅速;10年间老龄化程度加深,区县间空间分布差异增大;老年人口总体呈"中心高、外围低、东高西低、南高北低"的空间分布格局;高社会隔离度区域面积显著扩大且在郊区集中分布,低社会隔离度区域面积缩小;养老设施总体供给不足,老年人口与养老设施空间分布不匹配;基于老年人口的医疗卫生服务设施可达性空间分布不均衡。最后从人口自然加龄、外来人口、经济发展、公共服务设施和城市发展战略等方面分析了其影响因素。

Based on the fifth and sixth census data of street in Beijing, this article from multi-scale and multi-angel explores the spatial evolution characteristics of elderly population and aging distribution in Beijing City from 2000 to 2010. This article suggests that elderly population are most concentrated in Development Area of Urban Function and growing rapidly in New Area of the Urban Development in Beijing from 2000 to 2010; aging degree has deepened in ten years, and the spatial disparity enlargens between districts( counties);elderly population dis-tribution in general presents“ center high, peripheral low, east high and west low, south high and north low” spa-tial patterns;the spatial distribution situation of agglomeration is weakened;the area of high social isolation region significantly expands and these regions are concentrated in suburban, and the area of low social isolation region re-duces;pension facilities are in general insufficient, and the spatial distribution of elderly population and pension fa-cilities does not match;spatial accessibility distribution of medical service facilities based on elderly population is imbalance. Finally, this article analyzes its influential factors from net-aging-in-pace of population, migrant popula-tion, economic development, public service facilities and urban development strategies, and so on.