当代心理学中人文主义的缺失——以心理学领域对冯特思想的不完全继承为例

The Deficiency of Humanism in Modern Psychology:Incomplete Heritance to Wilhelm Wundt's Ideology

尽管对于科学主义和人文主义的划分源于20世纪50年代,但自冯特建立科学心理学开始,科学主义和人文主义的心理学研究取向就已经产生:冯特建立心理学实验室,坚持实验研究的方法,很明显是一种科学研究的取向;但人们常常忽略,冯特在其生命的最后20年中完成了巨著《民族心理学》,从社会、宗教等方面来研究人类心理,这很显然是一种人文研究的取向。当代心理学继承了冯特的科学主义研究取向,重视心理学的科学研究,但却忽视了人文主义的研究取向,这也使科学主义的心理学研究取向遇到的危机。因此,心理学研究需要寻求两种取向的整合发展,走回归冯特的道路。

Although the partition of scientism and Humanism is started in 1950 s,the differences in psychology had existed when scientific psychology was founded by Wilhelm Wundt. He founded the psychology laboratory,insisted the experimental way in research,obviously,it was a scientism orientation. However,he also completed Folk Psychology in the last 20 years in his life,do the researches from the aspect of social and religion,it was a humanism orientation. Modern psychology succeed the ideology of scientism orientation of Wilhelm Wundt,but his humanism orientation is ignored in modern psychology. This article starts from the ideology of Wilhelm Wundt,and discuss the deficiency of humanism in modern psychology.