网络治理的多方博弈——韩国网络实名制的历史回顾

A Multi- player Game in Internet Governance:An Analysis to South Korea's Internet Real- Name System

韩国是全世界最早彻底推行网络实名制的国家,网络实名制是韩国特殊的政治、文化和网络环境的产物。韩国网络实名制兴于对网络暴力的治理和个人安全的保护,然而却止于宪法裁判所违宪的判决。本文回到韩国实名制存在的历史时期,分析其政策变动背后多方博弈的深层原因,韩国政府收编网络控制权力的目的,韩国网站的跟随与摇摆以及韩国网民对该项政策的迂回和规避,韩国网民成为了影响网络上话语舆论与传播造势的重要力量。韩国互联网政治的渊源以及网民的智能化使得韩国网络实名制最终废除,这既是韩国政治权力变迁的结果,也是网络治理方面的探索。

South Korea is the first country to completely carry out the Internet Real Name System( RNS) in the world. RNS results from its peculiar political,cultural and online circumstances. It starts with the appeal to fight against cyber violence and to protect privacy,and ends with the anti- constitutional verdict by the Constitutional Tribunal. Tracing back to South Korean historical RNS circumstances,this paper analyzes the deep reasons of such a multi- player game behind the policy changes. It also covers other aspects,namely,South Korean government's real intention to tightly control online speeches,web portals' obedience and fluctuation,South Korean netizens' roundabout and avoidance to RNS policy. South Korean netizens have become an important force to affect online public opinions and propaganda. Both South Korean cyber politics and intelligent netizens contribute to the final RNS termination. This can be regarded as a result of political power shifts and explorations of Internet governance in South Korea.