宁波“小白礁I号”遗址水下埋藏环境及对沉船影响研究

Study of Underwater Burial Environment of Ningbo Xiaobaijiao I Shipwreck and its impact

宁波"小白礁Ⅰ号"清代沉船位于浙江宁波象山石浦北渔山岛海域,约下沉于清代道光年间。经过长期的水下埋藏,"小白礁Ⅰ号"沉船船体遭受了一定程度的破坏。为了解"小白礁Ⅰ号"沉船所受腐蚀作用及机理,为后续保护处理提供依据,并为其他沉船保护提供借鉴,在沉船发掘工作期间,对遗址堆积情况进行了重点调查,并采集相关水样和沉积物样品进行了多项分析研究。研究表明:由于五列南北向石板的压仓以及细泥和海蛎壳堆积的覆盖,使得"小白礁Ⅰ号"船体底部得以留存但部分船体破坏严重;"小白礁Ⅰ号"沉船处于含盐量高、铁离子和硫酸根离子含量较高、有机质含量丰富的偏碱性水环境,船体木材中盐富集且含有较多的硫铁化合物;在对船体进行保护处理时,脱水定形保护前必须进行脱硫脱盐处理。

Xiaobaijiao I Shipwreck ,sunk during Daoguang Years of Qing Dynasty, is located in the sea area of North Yushan Islands, Shipu Town, Xiangshan Country, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. After long period of underwater burial, the shipwreck suffered from various deterioration. In order to understand the corrosion effect and mechanism, provide the basis for subsequent protection treatment, and provide reference for other ship protection, during the excavation work, a detailed research on the site of accumulation was carried out, and a number of related water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed. The research shows that, the bottom of the hull was pre- served because of five columns of slates, the above mud and oyster shells, but other parts were vanished. Xiaobaijiao I Shipwreck was buried in an alkaline water environment of high salt, iron ion and sulfuric acid ion content, and also rich in organic matter. The remaining hull was salt concentrated and contained a lot of pyrite compounds. To protect the hull, desulfurization and desalination processing must be conducted before dehydration protection.