《现代汉语词典》词类标注变化的统计与评析

An Analysis of the Statistics of the Revision to the Part-of-Speech Tagging in The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(6^(th) Edition)

《现代汉语词典_6》在《现代汉语词典_5》的基础上,对词类标注做了一定的修订。经全面统计发现,这些修订包括调、改、增、删四个方面,涉及9种词类,但名、动、形的变化频次,尤其是名和动的变化频次,占绝对优势。这有力地印证了沈家煊先生近年来从不同角度所论证的观点:汉语里名和动之间是"名动包含"模式,即汉语的动词是名词所包容的一个次类。《现代汉语词典_6》词类标注的变化,使我们更为真切地感受到汉语词类标注之难,主要在于两条界线:一是名、动、形三大实词之间的界线,二是词与非词(语素和短语)之间的界线。经本次修订,《现代汉语词典》词类标注的准确性得到了较大提升,当然也尚存进一步提高的空间。

The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary（6＊ Edition） made some revisions to the part-of-speech tagging of The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary（5th Edition）.By overall statistics,I find there are four kinds of revision：adjusting the orders of the different parts of speech,changing the original part-of-speech tagging,adding and deleting some part-ofspeech tagging.These revisions involve nine kinds of part of speech,but the nouns,verbs and adjectives,especially the former two kinds are revised most frequently,which strongly verifies the argument Shen Jiaxuan has been advocating from different angles in recent years：in Chinese the noun contains the verb,namely the verb is a subcategory of the noun.The changes of the part-of-speech tagging of The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary（6th Edition） make us deeply feel that the difficulty of the part-of-speech tagging in Chinese mainly lies with two boundaries：one boundary is amongst the three kinds of notional words,i.e.,the noun,the verb and the adjective;the other boundary is between words and non-words（including morphemes and phrases）.The accuracy of the part-of-speech tagging in The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary（6th Edition） has been greatly enhanced,though it can be achieved still further.