糖尿病患者的听力受损特点及其影响因素

Characteristics and influencing factors of hearing impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus

目的:探讨导致糖尿病患者听力受损的原因。方法:选取2型糖尿病患者100例为观察组,并选取同期50例健康志愿者为对照组。通过问卷调查和听力测试的形式对2组人员进行分析比较。结果:在观察组中,71例患者主诉无听力受损,其中40例被证实有不同程度的听力受损;29例主诉听力不正常并被证实均有听力受损;69例有听力受损的糖尿病患者中有耳聋61例、眩晕59例、耳鸣63例。31例无听力受损患者中有耳聋2例,眩晕1例、耳鸣2例(均P<0.01)。观察组患者各频率听阈高于对照组,而听力水平低于对照组(均P<0.01);≥40岁各年龄阶段患者的听力受损发病率明显高于<40岁各年龄阶段(P<0.01);女性患者听力受损发病率明显低于男性患者(P=0.028);与病程<10年的糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病病程≥10年患者听力受损发病率有明显升高趋势(P=0.021)。结论:糖尿病患者更容易存在听力受损;听觉好坏并不能由患者主观感受准确反映;糖尿病病程越长的患者其听力受损的发病率越高。

Objective： To investigate the causes of hearing impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods： One hundred cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as the observation group,and 50 cases of healthy volunteer as the control group. Questionnaire and the listening tests were carry out in two groups,and the experimental results were analyzed.Results： Seventy-one cases of the observation group claimed to have no hearing impairment,but 40 of them were identified to have different degrees of hearing impairment after undergoing hearing experiments. Twenty-nine cases claimed to have hearing impairment and it was proved to be true. Of 69 cases with hearing impairment in diabetes,61 cases were with deafness,59 cases with vertigo,63 cases with tinnitus. Among 31 cases without hearing impairment,2 cases with deafness,1 case with vertigo,2 cases with tinnitus（ P 0. 01）. Compared with those of the control group,patients of the observed group showed increased in various frequency thresholds but decreased hearing ability（ all P 0. 01）. The incidence of hearing impairment of patients in all age stratification over 40 years old was significantly higher than those under 40 years old（ P 0. 01）,and the incidence of hearing impairment in female patients was significantly lower than that in male patients（ P = 0. 028）. Compared to those patients with history of diabetes of less than 10 years,the incidence of hearing impairment had a increasing trend in patients with history of diabetes of more than 10 years（ P = 0. 021）. Conclusions： Patients with diabetes are more likely to have hearing impairment,hearing impairment can not be accurately reflected by patients＇ subjective perception,the longer the duration of diabetes,the higher the incidence of hearing impairment.