重庆热度日和冷度日的变化特征

Characteristics of Heating Degree Days and Cooling Degree Days in Chongqing

利用1951—2006年重庆逐日平均气温分析了重庆年热度日(HDD)、年冷度日(CDD)、采暖期和制冷期的变化特征及其与气温的关系。结果表明:重庆热度日和冷度日的月际差异均较大。近56 a来年热度日和采暖期表现为弱的下降趋势,而年冷度日、制冷期和年平均气温表现为弱的增加趋势。年HDD、年CDD和年平均气温的周期振荡不太一致,在20世纪80年代初期到2006年年HDD和年平均气温都存在显著的3～4 a的周期,而年CDD和年平均气温近56 a都存在着相同的14 a左右的周期。年际、年代际热度日(冷度日)与年际、年代际平均气温具有反(正)位相变化趋势,冬季用于供暖的能源将减少,夏季用于制冷降温的能源消耗将增加。年热度日、年冷度日、年平均气温、年采暖期和制冷期在20世纪80年代后的减少/增加趋势远远高于1951—2006年56 a来的变化趋势,其原因主要是20世纪80年代后重庆气温显著升高。

Based on the daily temperature observation from 1951 to 2006 in Chongqing,this paper analyzed the characteristics of heating degree days(HDD),cooling degree days(CDD),heating periods and cooling periods,and depicted their relationships to temperature.The result shows that the monthly differences of HDD and CDD are large in Chongqing.In the recent 56 years,the annual HDD and heating period length had a weak descending tendency.However,the annual CDD and cooling period length showed a weak ascending tendency.The period oscillations of annual HDD,CDD and mean temperature were not well consistent in the recent 56 years.There were obviously 3-4 year periods between the annual HDD and the mean temperature from the beginning of 1980s to 2006,and a 14 year period between the annual CDD and the mean temperature in the recent 56 years.The annual and decadal changes between the HDD(CDD) and temperature had opposite(same) trends,which caused the energy consumption for heating to reduce in winter and the energy consumption for cooling to increase in summer.After the 1980s the ascending/ descending tendencies of the annual HDD,CDD,mean temperature,heating and cooling period length were much larger than that averaged over years 1951 to 2006,which was mainly caused by significant Chongqing temperature rising after the 1980s.