广西金线莲野生资源现状及保护策略

Current Situation of Wild Resources and Protection Strategy of Anoectochilus roxburghii in Guangxi

采用走访调查和实地调查相结合的方法,对广西的金线莲（Anoectochilus roxburghii（Wall.）Lindl.）野生资源分布现状、生态特征和生存状况进行了调查。结果表明：金线莲在广西分布较广,除西部石灰岩地区未发现金线莲分布外,广西大部分非石灰岩山区的常绿阔叶林都分布有金线莲。广西西部石灰岩山区分布着另一种开唇兰属的兰科植物,外观与金线莲相似。金线莲适生于阴凉湿润的生态环境中,常生长在山涧常绿阔叶林的腐殖质层中,植被覆盖较好,郁闭度大,乔木覆盖度70%～90%,光照强度350～2 500lx,相对空气湿度70%～85%。其生境的乔木树种主要是壳斗科、桑科、樟科、木兰科、五加科植物。生境遭受破坏和人类过度采挖是导致广西野生金线莲濒危的主要原因,应采取各种有效应对保护措施才能实现资源的可持续利用。

The distribution,ecological characteristics and survival situation of Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated by combining interview investigation with field investigation in Guangxi.The results showed that the A.roxburghii distributed widely in the most evergreen broad-leaved forest of Guangxi non-limestone mountainous region,it didn＇t be found in the western limestone mountainous region,but there was a similar species of Anoectochilus.A.roxburghiilive in humus layer of evergreen broad-leaved forest where were shady and cool ecological condition,tree coverage was 70%-90%,light intensity was 350-2 500 lx,air relative humidity was 70%-85%.The specie of habitat tree were comprised of Fagaceae,Momceae,Lauraceae,Magnoliceae,Amliaceae.The main causes for this endangered status were the adverse change of the natural environment and the human excess collection activities,various effective measures should be adopted to protect wild resources of A.roxburghiiin order to ensure the sustainable utilization of it.