海洋性聚落先民的食物结构:昙石山遗址新石器时代晚期人骨的碳氮稳定同位素分析

Diets of a late Neolithic maritime settlement: Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of human bones from the Tanshishan site

本文对18例昙石山文化墓葬出土人骨进行骨胶原的提取和碳氮稳定同位素测定,并通过污染鉴别,其中的17例为有效数据。有效骨样的δ^(13)C值在-20.9‰^-16.5‰范围,δ^(15)N值在8.5‰~14.4‰范围。就稳定同位素整体分析结果而言,昙石山先民主体所处营养级较高,以广泛的肉食来源和一定量的C_3类植物为生。推测肉食来源中主要有大量的海生类资源,也包含了陆生动物。进一步的分析表明,昙石山先民的食物营养级可能与社会贫富并无关联。单因素方差分析显示,未成年人的食物结构和成人基本相似,但可能更偏向于食用高营养级的食物;两性的食性未表现显著性的差异。作为一个海洋性聚落,昙石山遗址的经济活动应以渔猎采集为主,水稻种植很可能仅为辅助性的经济行为。

This study presents the stable isotopic measurements on 18 prehistoric human bones excavated from the Tanshishan site（5000-4300 cal. BP）, of which 17 samples were valid. The values of δ^13C and δ^15N of these valid samples vary between-20.91‰ and-16.49‰, and 8.53‰ and 14.42‰, respectively. The results indicate that most people from Tanshishan were in a high level of the food chain with diets mainly composed of terrestrial C3 foods, herbivores and signifi cant amounts of aquatic resources. Further analysis suggests that there is no obvious relationship between diets and social structure. According to the one-way ANOVA statistical analysis, juveniles in Tanshishan were more likely to consume food resources of higher δ^15）N values than adults. There were no differences between the sexes in dietary patterns. As a maritime settlement, the subsistence economies at Tanshishan are recognized as hunting-fi shing-foraging and the rice-based agriculture might have only played a minor role.