中国汉族男性不同年龄阶段面貌特征的编码

A study of the attribute codes of Chinese Han men of different ages

推断年龄一直是法医人类学重点研究的内容。目前,最主要的年龄推断方法就是骨龄鉴定,但是成本较高。本文开拓新思路,利用照片推断年龄范围。将面部结构分成上中下三个区域,按区域进行观察和测量。实验选取12项指标,包括8项测量指标和4项观察指标。面部上1/3选取外眼角间距、内眼角间距、额纹和眉弓突出度;面部中间1/3选择容貌上面高、颧间距、鼻宽和鼻翼沟可见度;面部下1/3选择下颌长度、下颌角间距、口裂长度和口周皱褶。每项指标根据程度不同按数量级划分,统计出面部不同区域数字编码组合出现的频率。在面部上1/3处,20岁-组到60岁-组出现频率最高的组合分别为2311、3311、2311、1321和1333;在面中部1/3处,20岁-组到60岁-组出现频率最高的组合分别是1111、2311、2111、1212和3232;在面部下1/3处,20岁-组到60岁-组出现频率最高的组合分别是1111、1111、2211、2331和3332。

Age estimation has been an important part of forensic anthropology. Currently, the main method is the identifi cation of skeletal age, however this method is expensive. Here, the examiner analyzes photographs of different ages as a way to fi nd a new approach to skeletal age identifi cation. The face is divided into three zones： upper, middle and lower thirds of the face. For each third, the examiner observes and measures a number of characteristics. Twelve indices are selected, including eight based on measurements and four on observations. Biocular width, intercanthal width, transverse forehead rhytids and brow ridges are selected to describe the upper third of the face. Physiognomic upper facial height, zygomatic spacing, bizygomatic width, nose width and alar groove are selected to describe the middle third of the face. Mandibular length, mandibular angle width, labial width and ornamental groove are selected to describe the lower third of the face. Every anatomical characteristic is divided by different order of magnitude in order to calculate the frequency of different combination of numbers indicating different parts of the face. On the upper third, the highest frequency combination are 2311, 3311, 2311, 1321 and 1333; the middle third of the face have the highest frequency combination of 1111, 2311, 2111, 1212 and 3232; and the lower third show the highest frequency combinations of 1111, 1111, 2211, 2331 and 3332.