“总”与“都”量化对象的差异

The differences of quantificational objects between zong(总) and dou(都)

"总"和"都"都有量化功能,前者主要量化事件,后者主要量化个体。"都"量化的个体需要复数性,系联的焦点需要有名词性,并要为"每NP"与"所有的NP"等提供量化动力。"总"量化事件,对个体的复数性、所在句的焦点类别没有要求,也不能为"每NP"与"所有的NP"提供量化动力。"总"和"都"量化的对象不同,这使得它们可以共现。"都"量化的个体在LF层必须移位到C的指示语位置或受C层的算子约束,这使得"都"不能出现于关系小句;"总"不量化个体,这使得"总"可以出现于关系小句。

Zong( 总) and dou( 都) both have a quantificational function, with the former quantifying over events and the latter individuals. The individuals quantified by dou must be in the plural form, the focus associated with dou must be nominal, and the quantificational force of a 'mei( 没) NP' or 'suoyou-de( 所有的) NP' must be supported by dou. Zong quantifies over events, so it does not require plural individuals or nominals for the associated foci, and it cannot support a quantificational force for a 'mei NP' or 'suoyou-de NP'. Zong can cooccur with dou when they quantify over different objects, while dou cannot occur in a relative clause for the quantified individual must be moved to the Spec C or bound by an operator in the CP at LF, zong can occur in a relative clause for it does not quantify over individuals.