《周易》“三驱”礼考释

Textual Research on and Interpretations of the Rite of San quin the Zhou yi

《周易》"三驱"礼即西周蒐狩礼,蒐狩礼集"田猎"、"习兵"于一体。"三驱"为西周蒐狩礼之"习兵"即讲武活动中参加演习的战车和士兵(徒)在特定区域(防)内3次前进及"表"的行为,具有"教人战"的性质。只是在随后的历史时期,由于兵种、战争形式、军事训练方式的变化,蒐狩礼"教人战"的功用消退,而田猎的游逸性质与日俱增,"三驱"礼本源渐遭湮没,"三驱"遂成为"田猎之仪"的一部分,后世关于"三驱"的诠释,因此无不着眼于田猎。

The rite of san qu 三驱（lit, driving on three sides or three times） mentioned in the fifth line statement of hexagram Bi [, 8] was actually the sou shou 蒐狩 ritual in the Western Zhou （1046 771 BCE）, which integrated hunting and troop training into one. For military training, it means that the chariots and soldiers participating in the war game march forward three times in a particular region, which possesses the feature of teaching people how to engage in combat. Nevertheless, due to the transformations of the military services, of the forms of war, and of training modes in later historical periods, the quality of military exercise in the rite of san qu faded away and its quality of leisurely hunting became more and more popular and its original significance gradually vanished; and thereby san qu became a part of the rite of hunting. On this account, all interpretations of san qu without exception by later generations focused on its meaning related to hunting.