密度与饲料对中华蟾蜍蝌蚪生长发育的影响

Effects of different stocking density and diet on development of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles

该研究分析了4个不同的饲养密度和5种饲料对中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans蝌蚪生长发育的影响,以确定最适养殖密度和饲料种类。在饲养密度实验中,中华蟾蜍蝌蚪分别饲养在200,500,1 000,2 000只/m^2的不同密度条件下;在饲料种类实验中,将中华蟾蜍蝌蚪分为5组,分别用5种不同饲料喂食。每隔7 d测量和记录1次蝌蚪的体重、头体长、尾长和死亡个数。结果表明:饲养密度试验和饲料种类试验中,中华蟾蜍蝌蚪临近变态时(变态前)和变态后的成活率分别为68.7%~96.3%,5.7%~36.0%;饲养密度对蝌蚪变态前的成活率没有显著影响,中华蟾蜍蝌蚪在最适养殖密度1 000只/m^2时,蝌蚪具有较大的体重和成活数量;饲料种类对蝌蚪变态前的成活率没有显著影响,喂食饲料Ⅱ(37.9%粗蛋白和5.7%粗脂肪),Ⅳ(25.1%粗蛋白和4.0%粗脂肪)和Ⅴ(鸡蛋黄)的蝌蚪均具有较大的体重,这3种饲料均为中华蟾蜍蝌蚪较为适宜的饲料,人工养殖具体采用何种饲料,可根据饲料的易得性和成本进行选择与组合。

The effects of four different stocking densities and five different diets on the growth of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles were studied to determine the optimum stocking density and diet. For stocking density experiment,the tadpoles were fed respectively at different density of 200,500,1 000 and 2 000 tadpoles per square meter. For diet experiment,the tadpoles were divided into five groups fed respectively with five different diets. The body weight,snout-vent length and tail length were measured every seven days,and mortality was recorded. The results showed that： the survival rates of tadpole before metamorphosis and after metamorphosis were from68. 7% to 96. 3% and from 5. 7% to 36. 0%,respectively; the optimum stocking density is 1 000 tadpoles per square meter for the stocking density had no effect on the survival rate of tadpole before metamorphosis,and the tadpoles had the relative large body weight and survival numbers in 1000 tadpoles per square meter; the diet Ⅱ（ 37. 9% crude protein and 5. 7% crude fat）,Ⅳ（ 25. 1% crude protein and 4. 0% crude fat）,and Ⅴ（ egg yolk） were all the optimum diets for the diet had no effect on the survival rate of tadpole before metamorphosis and the tadpoles fed with three kinds of diet above had relatively large body weight,and one of these three diets based on their availability and cost should be adopted during breeding period.