普外科不同护龄护士的社会支持、心理健康水平与主观幸福感的关系

Relationships between social support,mental health level and subjective well-being in general surgical nurses with different nursing age

目的探讨普外科不同年资护士的社会支持、心理健康水平及总体幸福感的差异及其关系。方法将江苏省滨海县人民医院120名普外科护士按护龄高低分为1~5 a（低龄组,51名）、6~10 a（中龄组,39名）和11~16 a（高龄组,30名）,采用社会支持评定量表、90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）、主观幸福感量表（SWS）进行问卷调查,并采用偏相关分析和结构方差模型分析三者间的关系。结果普外科不同护龄护士社会支持、心理健康水平和主观幸福感评分间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,除心理健康水平的躯体化、偏执因子评分外,低龄组各因子评分显著低于中龄组评分,高于高龄组评分,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。SCL-90总分、人际关系、抑郁和焦虑因子评分与社会支持总分和各因子分均呈显著负相关,SWS的生活满意度、积极情绪和主观幸福感评分呈显著负相关,与消极情绪评分呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）。社会支持总分和各因子分与SWS生活满意度、积极情绪和主观幸福感评分呈显著正相关,与消极情绪评分呈显著负相关（P〈0.01）。结构方程模型显示,心理健康水平在社会支持与主观幸福感中起部分中介效应（P〈0.01）。结论普外科6~10 a护龄护士社会支持最低,心理健康损害程度最重,主观幸福感降低最严重,且社会支持通过中介因素心理健康水平影响主观幸福感。

[Objective]To explore the relationships and differences of social support,mental health level and subjective well-being in general surgical nurses with different nursing age.[Methods]120 general surgical nurses were divided into 1-5 years group（junior nurse group,51 cases）,6-10 years group（medium nurse group,39 cases）,and 11-16 years group（senior nurse group,30 cases） according to their nursing age.The questionnaire survey was performed by the Social Support Rating Scale,Symptom Check List-90（SCL-90）,and Subjective Well-being Scale（SWS）.Partial correlation analysis and structural equation model analysis were used to analyze the relationships during them.[Results]There were significant differences in scores of social support,mental health level,and subjective well-being among general surgical nurses with different nursing age（P 0.005）.Except for the scores of somatization factor and bigoted factor（P 0.05）,the scores of all factors in junior nurse group were significantly lower than those in medium nurse group,while the scores were significantly higher than those in senior nurse group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P 0.05）.The total score,factors score of interpersonal relationship,depression and anxiety in SCL-90 were significantly negatively correlated with total score and factors score of social support,and scores of life satisfaction,and positive emotion in SWS were significantly negatively correlated with subjective well-being score,while were significantly positively correlated with negative emotion score（P 0.01）.The total score and factors score of social support were significantly positively correlated with scores of life satisfaction and positive emotion in SWS and subjective well-being score,and were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotion score（P〈.01）.The structural equation model showed that mental health level had intermediary effect in social support and subjective well-being（P 0.01）.[Conclusion]General surgery nurses with nursing age of 6-10 years have the lowest level of social support,the most serious damage on mental health,and the lowest level of subjective well-being.In addition,the social support affects subjective well-being through intermediary factor of mental health.