急诊科医生胜任特征模型的构建与评价

Building and evaluation of a competency model among emergency physicians

目的探讨急诊科医生应当具备的岗位胜任特征及必须具备的心理素质,为急诊科医生的培养和选拔提供理论依据。方法参照美国劳工部开发的职业信息网络系统(O*NET)对国内急诊科医生200名进行调查问卷,通过对急诊科医生工作能力、工作技能、工作活动及工作风格等多维度的问卷调查分析,确立国内急诊科医生胜任特征模型的构建,并对结果进行验证分析及评价。结果急诊科医生岗位必须具有解决复杂问题的能力、内部协调和医患沟通技巧的工作技能;应当具有相应的责任心、耐压性和独立性等工作风格;必须具有多学科的医学知识及丰富的医学技能储备。成绩优异的急诊科医生与成绩普通的急诊医生工作经验、判断病情、调解医患纠纷方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急诊医生的成长需要一个引导、培养、自身努力、主动学习的过程。本研究初步构建并验证了国内急诊科医生胜任特征模型,为下一步建立急诊科医生胜任特征的研究及建立急诊专业选拔系统提供了可靠的理论依据。

[Objective]To explore the competency characteristics and psychological quality that the emergency physicians should have,provide the theoretical basis for the training and selection of emergency physicians.[Methods]According to Occupational Information Network（O＊NET） of the U.S.Department of Labor,200 emergency physicians in China were carried on the questionnaires.By multi-dimensional analysis of their work ability,work skills,work activities and work style,the construction of competency model of emergency physicians were determined,and the results were analyzed and evaluated.[Results]Emergency physicians firstly must have the ability to solve complex problems,be good at internal coordination,and have the job skills of doctor-patient communication.Secondly,they should have corresponding working style of responsibility,pressure resistance and independent.Finally,they must have multidisciplinary medical knowledge and rich medical skills.There existed obvious differences between doctors those who have general achievements and those who have outstanding achievements in work experience,evaluating the illness state and mediating the doctor-patient disputes（P〈.05）.[Conclusion]The growth of emergency doctor need a process of guiding,training,self endeavor and active learning.This study preliminary build and verify the competency model of emergency physicians in China,which provides the reliable theoretical basis for the study of establishing competence characteristics of emergency physicians and professional selection system in future.