苏南农村地区健康人群镉内暴露水平调查

Investigation on internal exposure of cadmium among healthy residents in rural area of southern Jiangsu

目的了解苏南农村地区居民镉内暴露现状,探讨影响因素,提出镉污染控制措施。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,在农村东、南、西、北、中5个方位及市区按比例抽取不同性别、年龄居民1 233人,进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测。结果居民尿镉、血镉、尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷(NAG)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)分别为(0.29±3.47)μg/g Cr、(0.54±3.08)μg/L、(8.20±1.59)U/g Cr、(126.32±2.54)μg/g Cr,并且存在剂量-效应关系。经相关性分析发现,尿镉高低与年龄、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟、家庭经济收入存在相关性;多元回归分析结果显示,年龄、吸烟为尿镉影响因素(P<0.05)。结论该地区居民体内镉暴露未超过正常参考值,控制吸烟是减少镉暴露的有效手段。

[Objective]To investigate the status of cadmium internal exposure among residents in rural area of southern Jiangsu,explore the influencing factors,and put forward the control measures against cadmium pollution.[Methods]By using the stratified cluster sampling method,totally 1 233 residents with different age and sex were proportionally collected from the directions of east,south,west,north and middle in rural area,as well as urban area.The questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory testing were performed.[Results]The urine cadmium,serum cadmium,urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase（NAG）,and β2-microglobulin（β2-MG）was respectively（0.29±3.47）μg/g Cr,（0.54±3.08）μg/L,（8.20±1.59）U/g Cr and（126.32±2.54）μg/g Cr,and there was a dose-response relationship.The correlation analysis revealed that urinary cadmium level was correlated with age,BMI,smoking,and family income.The multiple regression analysis showed that age and smoking were the influencing factors of urinary cadmium（P〈.05）.[Conclusion]The cadmium level of residents is lower than the normal reference value,and tobacco control is the effective mean of reducing cadmium exposure.