社区健康管理在老年人慢性病控制中的效果分析

Analysis on effect of community health management on chronic disease control in the elderly

目的探讨社区健康管理对老年人慢性病控制的效果,为慢性病的防治提供科学依据。方法选择2014年6—8月在攀枝花市红星社区中自愿参与健康管理的患有慢性病的老年人1 000名作为试验组,并选取同时期的不愿参与健康管理的患有慢性病的老年人1 000名作为对照组,利用自行设计的问卷收集所有研究对象的一般资料,对试验组进行包括健康教育、体重管理、高血压管理措施在内的健康管理。健康管理1年后,再次收集两组人群的相关资料,以评估试验组中实施健康管理的效果。结果试验组人群在慢性病知识知晓率中的第2、5、6、8项中的比例分别为78.80%、82.28%、87.94%、86.96%,均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);试验组人群的体重指数和腰围数值在干预后分别为(24.36±0.28)kg/m^2,(85.21±0.89)cm,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组干预后的高血压和糖尿病的服药率和控制率分别为88.92%、65.87%和85.00%、69.13%,均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论社区健康管理能够提高老年人的慢性病知识知晓率,帮助老年人维持健康体重,提高老年人高血压和糖尿病的服药率和控制率,有效地提高了老年人的自我管理健康意识。

[Objective]To effect of community health management on chronic disease control in the elderly,provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of chronic diseases.[Methods]1 000 elderly people with chronic disease,who have voluntarily received the health management in Hongxing Community Health Service Centre of Panzhihua City from June to August 2014,were enrolled into the experiment group,while 1 000 elderly people with chronic disease,who refused to receive the health management in the same period,were recruited in the control group.The general information of research objects were collected by the self-designed questionnaire.The experiment group was given the health management,including health education,weight management,and blood pressure management.After one year of health management,the related data of two groups were collected to evaluate the effect of health management.[Results]The awareness rate of the 2 th,5 th,6 th and 8 th item of chronic disease knowledge in the experiment group was respectively 78.8%,82.28%,87.94% and 86.96%,which were significantly higher than those in the control group（all P〈.05）.After intervention,the level of body mass index and waist circumference in the experiment group was（24.36±0.28）kg/m^2 and（85.21±0.89）cm respectively,and the differences were statistically significant between the experiment group and the control group（P〈.05）.After intervention,the medication rate and control rate of hypertension in the experiment group was respectively 88.92% and 65.87%,and those of diabetes was respectively 85% and 69.13%,which were significantly higher than those in the control group（all P〈.05）.[Conclusion]The community health management can improve the awareness rate of chronic disease knowledge among elderly people,help them to maintain a healthy weight,enhance the medication rate and control rate of hypertension and diabetes,and effectively improve the self-management awareness.