F型小麦雄性不育系测恢研究及杂种优势分析

Fertility Restoration of F-type Wheat Male Sterile Line and Heterosis of Its Hybrids

小麦F型雄性不育系是具有普通小麦细胞质的新型细胞质雄性不育系。本研究利用364个普通小麦品种(系)与F型雄性不育系FA杂交配制F1,测定其育性恢复性。结果表明,49个小麦品种(系)对F型不育系具有完全恢复性,其F1的自交结实率(国际法)达到甚至超过对照(黄淮冬麦区主栽品种周麦18),这些材料可作为FA的恢复系供进一步研究利用。这一结果说明,小麦F型雄性不育系的育性较易恢复。另外,7个小麦品种(系)对不育系FA不具有恢复力,可用于转育新不育系。从364个组合初选出15个组合,经超标杂种优势分析,7个组合表现更优,具有不同程度的增产潜力,需进一步升级试验、筛选鉴定。

F-type wheat male sterile line is unique with cytoplasm of common wheat.It is the primary task for using F-type male sterile line in production of hybrid wheat to breed more restoring lines,male sterile lines and hybridized combination with strong heterosis.In this study,364 wheat varieties（or lines）were crossed with F-type wheat male sterile line to make F1 hybrids.The fertility of F1 hybrids was investigated then.The results showed that 49 wheat varieties（or lines）of 364 could completely restore the fertility of F-type wheat male sterile line as the self-fertilized setting percentage of their F1 reached or even higher than that of control variety Zhoumai 18,a major cultivar in HuangHuai winter wheat region.Thus,these 49 wheat varieties（or lines）could be used as the restoring lines for further study.This result also indicated that the fertility of F-type wheat male sterile line could be restored more easily.While seven wheat varieties（or lines）could not restore the fertility of F-type wheat male sterile line at all and could be used to breed new male sterile lines.Based on main agronomic traits,the heterosis of top 15F1 hybrids over the control variety Zhoumai 18 were tested.Of which seven hybrids showed higher yield potential and will be tested further.