民俗主义、学科反思与民俗学的实践性

Folklorism,Reflection and the Practicality of Folklore Studies

"民俗主义"这一概念及其相关的学术讨论揭示了现代社会中民俗文化事象的基本常态,承认和正视民俗主义现象的常态化,某种意义上,正是各国现代民俗学的起点。中国民俗学也必须正视中国当代社会及文化中无所不在、无时不在的"民俗主义化"常态,并深刻意识到民俗学者自身也程度不等地卷入到与民俗主义有关的各种事态之中。民俗主义研究视角的导入不仅促使中国民俗学全面地校正自己的研究对象,也揭示了民俗学者与民俗主义的关系而有助于推动中国民俗学对民俗学者自身角色与责任的深入反思,进而重新审视民俗学的应用性、实践性和公共性。民俗学者通过介入非物质文化遗产保护运动相关的实践性和应用性研究,将促使民俗学在中国成长为一门能够对国家文化政策、对非物质文化遗产行政、对现代中国社会里多种生活文化问题和民俗主义事象展开基于学理的描述、解释、揭示、评论和批评的学问。但与此同时,现代民俗学也必须面临如何理解和应对一般民众在其生活中创造民俗的实践和民俗学者的学术应用性实践这两者之间存在的复杂性这一新课题。

The concept of folklorism and related discourse have revealed the normal state of folk cultural expressions in modern societies.Recognizing such a state is the disciplinary base for modern folkloristics in different countries.Chinese folklore studies must also face the facts that the phenomenon of folklorism exists everywhere and all the time in social life,and that folklorists themselves are often involved in such activities.Chinese folklore studies,therefore,must reflect upon the role and responsibility of folklorists,and re-examine the application,practicality,and publicity of the discipline.