南京国民政府统制经济政策的实现途径

The Realization Approach of Nanking National Government's Controlled Economic Policy

统制经济思想在1933年前后成为中国经济界的主流,并成为国民政府制定经济政策的依据。由于何为"经济统制"的内涵不甚清晰,所以给国民政府的"集中"政策留出了空间,其对经济的统制救助演变为行政控制对市场的取代。结合"发达国家资本"和"限制私人资本"的民生主义理论,政府统制了能源、重要实业、交通等经济命脉,并对银行业实行了行政性垄断。政府的投资和强制金融业对工农业扩大放款,固然对经济的复苏起了一定作用,但经济增长方式也由市场主导转变为政府主导,这是国民政府逐步落实统制经济政策的直接结果。

The controlled economic thought became main current of Chinese economic circles in the year 1933 front and back,and became Nanking national government＇s basis of economic policy. But because the connotation of economic control was not distinct,Nanking national government could carry out economic concentrated policy,consequently the economic controlled salvation evolved administrative control replacing the market. Combined with people＇s livelihood theory,such as ＂develop national capital ＂and ＂restrict private capital＂,the government controlled economic lifeline such as energy sources,important industries,transportation and so on,and implemented administrative monopoly on banking industry. The governmental investment and constraint financing to increase loan to industry and agriculture,gave play to economic revive,but the economic growth pattern had gradually changed from market leading to governmentleading. This was the direct consequence of national government＇s implement of controlled economic policy.