论国际铁路运输公约对“一带一路”的重要性

Importance of International Convention on Railway Transportation to“the Belt and Road”

按照《一带一路愿景》构想,东亚经济圈和欧洲经济圈将通过贯穿欧亚非大陆的陆地与海上丝绸之路连接。铁路作为连接欧亚大陆相关经济走廊的基本手段,与海上丝绸之路一起构成中国建设和实施中欧和中亚不同经济通道的基本手段之一。而以中国为中心的国际铁路网使中国铁路运输高度国际化的同时构成了对中国现行的国际铁路运输规则体系的挑战。中国只加入了《国际货协》规则体系,而没有加入适用范围和影响力更广的《国际铁路运输公约》,即CIM规则体系。中国目前尚未建立完整的铁路运输规则体系,现有体系是以计划经济体制下制定的《铁路法》为基础、辅以行政法规和部门规章等构成的。这些国内法体系当然无法应对以国际市场机制为基础的"一带一路"铁路运输所引起的各类法律问题。因此,中国在发展"一带一路"铁路建设的同时,必须加快多边和双边国际铁路运输规则体系参与和构建的步伐,以确保"一带一路"战略的成功。

According to China＇s the Belt and Road initiative,East Asian economic zone and European economic zone will be linked through Eurasia and the Silk Road on the Sea.Railway,as the basic transportation in these regions,together with the maritime Silk Road,constitutes one of the fundamental ways to build up Sino-Euro and Sino-Central Asia economic corridors.China-Centric international railway networks intensively internationalize China＇s own railway transportation.Meanwhile,it also brings challenges to China＇s international railway transportation rules and regulation system.China has joined rules system named the Agreement On International Railroad through Transport Of Goods,but has not entered into more influential International Convention on the Transport of Goods by Rail,named CIM rules system,which prescribes a wider scope of application.China has not completed its construction of rules and regulation on railway transportation so far.The current system is based on Chinese Railway Law,which was enacted under planned economic backgrounds,with the complement of relevant administrative laws and departmental regulations.This domestic legal system apparently cannot address all legal issues arising from BR railway transportation laid on an international market mechanism.Therefore,when China has been busy in building BR railways,it has to equally speed up its pace on the participation and establishment of bilateral and multilateral rules and regulation system on international railway transportation,in order to make sure the BR strategy get successful.