马克思《资本论》生态思想及其论辩之争

Ecological Thought and its Battle for Debate about Marx's Capital

近年来中外学界对马克思有无生态思想展开论辩。否定说以《资本论》劳动价值论、劳动过程论和唯物史观等为依据,推断其无视自然价值,放任人类"普罗米修斯式"对待自然而否认其生态思想;二分说割裂早期和晚期马克思思想,认为早期《手稿》异化思想有关注自然的一面,以及《形态》考察历史的自然史和人类史维度获得生态思想赞誉,《资本论》因其没有明确生态"宣言"和"政治经济学说与自然无涉"定性而忽视甚至遮蔽其生态思想。诘难说认为马克思不仅不包含生态思想,而且有反生态危险,甚至成为诱发生态问题的根源。肯定说的辩护体现出对马克思生态思想宏阔视野的解读和与时俱进的理解,引发人们对《资本论》博大精深思想的生态维度审视与考量。

In recent years,academic field in china and foreign countries have debated on Marx’s ecological thought. The denial theory based on labor value theory,labor process theory and historical materialism in Capital,which inferred people ignore the natural value and treat nature like Prometheus,to deny its ecological thought. Dichotomic theory cut apart Marx’s early stage and later stage thought,which considered alienation thought has paid attention to nature in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,and the thought in German Ideology has surveyed nature and human dimension of history,and because of its no clear ecology＂declaration＂and＂political and economic theories are nothing to do with nature＂in Capital,dichotomic theory has ignored and even covered Marx’s ecological thought. Interrogation theory considered that Marx’s theory has anti-ecological thought,which even became the source of ecological problems. The defending thought of affirmation theory reflected far-reaching vision interpretation and keeping pace with the times of Marx’s ecological thoughts,which can arouse people survey and examine the ecological dimension in Capital.