中国、俄罗斯粮食安全问题分析

Grain Security Analysis of China and Russia

"粮食安全"是一国经济安全的重要组成部分。中国和俄罗斯作为世界上最大和各具代表性的经济转轨国家,其粮食安全问题历来为两国政府和其他转轨国家所密切关注;作为东北亚地区的重要国家,其粮食安全状况也对东北亚地区其他国家产生重要影响。以国际公认的粮食安全和安全线指标为基础,中国规定粮食自给率必须保持在95%以上,这是粮食安全的红线,但按这一标准仍时常有缺口。俄罗斯虽谷物自给率较高,但按粮食和食品安全的综合性标准衡量,其粮食和食品自给总水平一直低于90%,存在粮食安全的隐患和风险。

Grain security is an important part of national economic security. Being the biggest and typical transitional countries,China and Russia concern for the grain security all the time. The two are both important countries in Northeast Asia,so grain security of both countries will impact other countries in the region. Based on the international grain security standard and index,China requires that grain self-sufficiency should be more than 95 percent which is the red line of the grain security. However,this standard is often difficult to reach. Although self-supply of grain is much higher in Russia,Russia's self-supply of grain is always less than 90% according to the comprehensive index of foodstuff and food safety,which means the existing of risk on the security of grain in Russia.