郊区吸烟者的吸烟现状及戒烟意愿调查

Smoking status and quitting willingness among outpatients in Beijing suburb areas

目的调查郊区吸烟者的吸烟现状与戒烟意愿,从而为医务人员有针对性地为郊区吸烟者开展戒烟干预提供依据。方法选择北京市郊区某综合性医院门诊的228例成年吸烟者,以匿名方式进行尼古丁依赖量表问卷调查。结果在228例现在吸烟者中,男性占81.58%,文化程度在高中及以下者占77.63%,合并慢性疾病者占58.77%,烟龄中位数达20年,每日吸烟者占94.30%,每日吸烟量中位数为18.32支,尼古丁依赖程度较重(中度及以上者占56.59%),从未尝试过戒烟者占71.05%;尼古丁依赖评分与年龄、每月买烟费用、总烟龄、每日吸烟量呈正相关(P<0.05),与文化程度呈负相关(P<0.05),居住在周边农村及山区的吸烟者尼古丁依赖评分明显高于居住在县城的吸烟者(P<0.05),合并慢性疾病的吸烟者尼古丁依赖评分显著高于未合并慢性疾病的吸烟者(P<0.05),每日吸烟者的尼古丁依赖评分显著高于偶尔吸烟者(P<0.05)。医疗付费方式(自费)、总烟龄长、吸第一支烟年龄早是影响戒烟意愿的阻碍因素。结论北京市郊区吸烟者存在吸烟行为居高不下、戒烟意愿低的严峻现状,应当全面实施戒烟干预,尤其应注意增强医疗付费方式为自费、总烟龄长、吸第一支烟年龄早的吸烟人群的戒烟动机。

Objective To investigate the smoking status and quitting willingness among outpatients in Beijing suburb areas,and to provide preference for targeted smoking cessation intervention. Methods A total of 228 outpatient smokers were investigated using anonymous questionnaires in one comprehensive hos- pital in Beijing suburb area. Results Among 228 current smokers, male smokers accounted for 81.58 %, low - educated smokers accounted for 77.63 %, and smokers with chronic diseases accounted for 58.77%. The median of smoking history was 20 years. Daily smokers were 94.30% among current smokers. The me- dian of daily cigarettes consumption was 18.32. The ratio of smokers with moderate and above nicotine dependence was 56.59%. There were 71.05% current smokers who never tried quitting. The score of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence （FTND） was positively related to age, monthly cigarettes cost, smoking history and daily igarettes consumption （ P 〈 0.05 ） ,while negatively related to education background （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Smokers living in the remoter area, combina- tion with NCDs and smoked daily got higher FIND scores （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. Self - supporting medical care,longer smoking history, and earlier onset smoking age were the risk factors of quitting willingness. Conclusion In Beijing suburb areas, smokers still have high cigarettes consumption and nicotine dependence, and low quitting willingness as well. The quitting willingness of smokers who have self - supporting medical care, longer smoking history, and earlier onset smoking age should be strengthened.