高校经费水平、结构与科研产出——基于美国20所世界一流大学数据的分析

On the Effect of the Level and Structure of Revenue and Expenditure on the Research Performance:Based on the Data from20 Top Universities in the US

本文利用美国20所世界一流大学2004-2013年的面板数据和固定效应模型分析了高校经费水平与结构的变化对科研产出的影响。研究发现,高校收入和支出水平的提升,政府直接拨款比例的增长,高校主要职能和人员工资支出比例的增长均有助于提高高校论文发表产出,管理支出的增长则有碍于此。在我国进入世界一流大学建设快车道的背景下,政府在给予高校财政自主权的同时应加大对一流大学建设的投入,高校需提高工资支出占比,提升管理效率并将经费充分地投入到高校的教学、科研与公共服务活动中。

Based on the data of 20 top US universities in years from 2004 to 2013, this paper explored the effect of changes in the level and structure of universities＇ revenue and expenditure on their research performance by using the fixed effect model. It found that, the rise of the revenue and expenditure level, percentages of revenue from appropriation, percentages of expenditures on universities＇ three main functions as well as on salary would lead to the rise of universities＇ relative publication scores; whereas, increase in percentage of ex- penditure on management would lower the scores. As China was getting on the express track of building world-class universities, this paper suggested that, Chinese governments should increase the investment on and provide financial autonomy to universities; Chinese universi- ties should improve the efficiency of management and allocate adequate amount of funds on personnel salaries as well as on education, research and public service activities.