1378-1417年西方教会大分裂对欧洲大学的影响

The Influences of Great Schism on the European Universities from 1378 to 1417

1378-1417年西方教会大分裂的背后是王权与教权的争斗,这次分裂对当时的欧洲大学产生了以下影响:一是大学组织由教皇庇护的泛欧洲机构成为归属不同民族国家的学术组织;二是大学管理主体由教会教皇转向世俗当局;三是大学数量由平稳缓慢地增加变为大量骤然地出现;四是大学从超国家的文化传播中心转为培养专业精英的国家机构。总体而言,这次西方教会大分裂"在大学的历史上代表着真正的分水岭"。

The battle between the Pope and the King behind the Great Schism of the West had influenced the European universities. First, the universities became an academic organization belonging to different nations from pan-European organizations; second, the u- niversity management subject transferred to the secular authorities from the church and Pope; third, the number of universities increased to a large number very quickly during that period; fourth, the function of the universities transferred to a professional-elite-cultivating organization from the super national culture communication center. In conclusion, Great Schism of the West ＂represents the real watershed in the University＇s history＂.