南朝道经分类的文学、宗教与品鉴的三元合一——以陆修静为中心

The Integration of Literature, Religion and Categorization of the Classics of Daoism in the Southern Dynasty——With Lu Xiujing as the Center

为了推动道教的发展,道教人士纷纷编纂和分类道教典籍,其活动蕴含了对于文学、宗教及品鉴的诉求与建构,表现为三元合一的趋势。陆修静把道经分为"三洞"、"四辅",这种分类法隐含了道经创作的宗经崇圣的思想观念。同时,陆修静从宣教立教诉求出发将道经文体分为十二类,表现出较为蒙混、芜杂的宗教文体观,反映了魏晋以来文体学思想对宗教界的渗透和影响,显示了宗教和文学既融合又各司其职的双重属性。而且,道经编纂与文体分类又是一个作品鉴赏批评的过程,需要具有艺术指向的批评理论。

In order to promote the development of Taoism,the practitioners have compiled and classified Taoistclassics. Their activities contain appealing and construction for literature,religion and categorization,indicating tendency of the unity of the Classics of Daoism. Lu Xiujing,the distinguished Taoist scholar and Taoist leader, classified Taoism into＂Three Thoroughs＂and＂Four Complements＂,which are reflected his viewpoint of worshipping scripture and wise man. Meanwhile,Lu Jingxiu,from the perspective of promoting and establishing religion,classified the writing styles of Taoist scripture into twelve types,which consists in the vague and complex religious writing style. It shows not only the penetration and influence of writing style on the religious circle since Wei and Jin Dynasties,but also the dual attributes of the religion and literature,that is,integrating while performing different functions. Moreover,the edit and categorization of the classics of Daoism in the Southern Dynasties is a process of art appreciation and criticism,which need artistic criticism theories.