自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员模拟落地动作的下肢生物力学特征

Biomechanical Characteristics of Lower Limbs in Freestyle Skiing Aerial Skill Athletes during Different Landing Postures

目的:通过查找不同姿势自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员落地的生物力学特征,为减少损伤以及提高落地稳定性提供依据。方法:运用生物力学研究方法,对8名国家队男子运动员的正常姿势和全脚掌姿势落地动作进行对比分析。结果:正常姿势落地人体重心向前后、左右方向移动的幅度和移动速度均较大;在峰值力出现时,矢状面内在髋、膝、踝关节处的变化幅度均大于全脚掌落地;正常落地足部最大冲击载荷在足前区内侧,全脚掌落地足底最大载荷在足后区。结论:正常姿势落地缓冲效果较好,全脚掌姿势落地稳定性较好。自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员在落地时,可采用主动屈髋、屈膝、伸踝的动作来达到降低损伤的效果。运动员可采用身体前移的技术,达到压力中心前移的效果,最终达到提高落地稳定性的目的。应加强下肢髋、膝、踝关节的快速伸肌群离心训练,提高专项肌肉控制能力。

Objective To study the biomechanical characteristics of different landing posture of freestyle skiing aerial athletes in order to improve landing stability and reduce the risk of injury. Methods The biomechanical differences of normal landing posture and full foot landing posture of 8 national level male athletes were compared. Results Comparing with full foot landing posture,there were greater forward and backward movement of body gravity centre,greater laterally moving amplitude and speed,and greater changes in ROM of hip,knee and ankle in sagittal plane during normal landing posture. The peak impact load appeared on the inside of front foot area during normal posture landing,while on back foot area during full foot posture landing. Conclusion Better buffer effect and better landing stability can be achieved respectively through full foot landing posture and normal landing posture. Aggressive hip,knee and ankle flexions during freestyle skiing aerial landing help to reduce the risk of injury.