乡村教育早期现代化的底层叙事——基于苏北M村的田野调查

Grassroots Narration of Early Modernization of Rural Education: An Ethnographic Study Based on Fieldwork of Village M in Northern Jiangsu

乡村教育早期现代化是当代中国的重要教育议题。不过,已有研究大多立足于精英视角试图构筑乡村教育早期现代化的宏大叙事,底层乡村民众的声音被遮蔽。通过对苏北M村的田野调查发现:当内含理性思维的现代教育观念进入乡村社会时,它遭遇到了乡村民众"务实求验"思维的同化和改造,其"内具主客张力的人观"成为"自然成长的简单劳动力","以科学和技术为主要内容的知识观"成为"识字"和"抚育"。经此改造,现代学校和传统私塾间的"鸿沟"消失,它顺利进入乡村社会。然而,现代教学观、评价观和管理观则依然存于乡村学校,无法进入民众生活,学校成为乡村社会的"飞地"。

Early modernization of rural education is an important educational issue of contemporary China.But, the existing researches are based on elite-viewpoint trying to construct grand narrative of Early modernization of rural education, and the voice of the rural populace in the bottom is covered. By the Ethnographic study in Subei M village, it is found that when the modern ideology of education with thinking logic of ＂rationality＂ went into rural society,it was assimilated and transformed by the thinking logic of＂pragmatic examination＂ of rural populace. As a result, ＂the man viewpoint with tension of subject and object＂became ＂simple labor that with natural growth＂, ＂the knowledge viewpoint that with technology and science＂became ＂taking care of children＂ and ＂literacy＂. By these transforms, the gap between modern school and oldstyle private school disappeared, and modern school came into rural society well. However, modern viewpoints of teaching、assessment and management still exist in rural school, and could not come into the daily life of rural populace,so schools became the ＂enclaves＂ in rural society.