国外金融地理:地理学和经济学研究对比

THE RESEARCH CONTRAST BETWEEN GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL GEOGRAPHY

要:金融地理学的研究日益受到关注,其中地理学和经济学领域的学者参与最多。但不同的学科渊源和研究传统,使两者在研究领域、研究方法方面各有特点,差异明显。自理论渊源看,地理学的研究始于20世纪70年代的马克思主义地理学,而经济学的研究可追溯到古典区位论和循环累积因果论。地理学的研究,注重探讨区位和地方对金融交易和金融运行的影响,受政治经济学传统和文化转向的影响,特别关注金融系统发展的不平等效应和金融空间中的社会、文化因素;经济学研究主要致力于探讨货币和金融系统对区域发展影响的非中性,特别关注地理距离对信用获得的影响。地理学的研究定性研究较多,并擅长借鉴其他学科的理论和方法;经济学的研究专注简化,以计量分析为主。新出现的金融化经济体系或金融主导的增长体系迫切需要经济地理学开展研究。相互借鉴和整合可推动金融地理学的发展。

This paper explores the international progress of financial geography by focusing on the differences of academic origin, focus issues and analyzing methods between geography and economics in financial geography research. In geography, it was David Harvey＇s turn to Marx, and the central role afforded to money within Marxist theory, that made geographers take money and finance seriously for the first time in early1970 s. In 2000 s cultural economy approaches to money and finance developed most significantly in geography, which adopts a poststructuralist epistemology to emphasize the constantly entangled nature of economic, cultural, social and political relations and used some key concepts such as networks and embeddedness to understand how ＇the economic＇ is constituted through social relations. While in economics, the earliest relative studies can be traced back to classical location theory and circular cumulative causation theory in 1950 s,and later studies were greatly influenced by information economics. Research on money and finance in geography pay more attention to the impacts of location and place on financial transactions and operations, financial system on inequality of regional development. In the literature of economics, discussion focused the nonneutrality of money and financial systems on regional development, with special attention to the effects of distance on credit allocation and availability, which can be found in new-Keynesian and post-Keynesian theories of financial system. Economic geographers are good at using multimethod approaches, ranging from interviews with policymakers and ordinary users of financial services, carefully crafted comparative case studies of places and sectors, to systematic mapping of the global circuits of money.