竞技武术套路难度动作发展历程及对策——基于中国武术家的口述史分析

Development and Countermeasures of Difficulty Movement of Competitive Wushu Routines——Analysis of Oral history of Chinese Martial Artists

以武术套路难度的发展历程为主线,将竞技武术套路难度动作的发展历程分为四个阶段,并对难度动作和竞技武术的发展特征进行归纳:第一阶段特征为"难度未现,难度不难:武术在传统与竞技中徘徊";第二阶段特征为"难度模糊,废立不定,武术在表演性与技击性争论中彷徨";第三阶段特征为"难度明晰,发展迅速:武术发展迅速,走出国门走向世界";第四阶段特征为"发展停滞,难度普及:竞技武术发展陷入瓶颈"。针对难度动作对竞技武术发展的促进作用,文章提出了4条发展难度动作的建议:1明确武术难度动作本质,确定难度动作的发展方向;2综合多方力量,改变武术难度动作的研发模式;3降低难度动作分值,设置难度创新分;4加强武术科研,以科技助力难度的创新。

The development history of competitive Wushu routines could be divided into 4 stages.At the first stage,the difficulty levels of the routines were not high.Wushu still kept as traditional sports and competitive sports.At the second stage,the standard of difficulty was vague.There were disputes over whether to abolish Wushu,and whether Wushu should be regarded as performing at or as competitive.At the third stage,the difficulty levels could be defined.Wushu underwent fast development.It became recognized by the world.At the fourth stage,Wushu was faced with difficulties coming from the promotion of difficulty levels.With regard to the difficulty levels,firstly,the levels should be clearly defined.Secondly,the modes of RD in Wushu routines should be developed.Thirdly,the scoring of difficulty levels should be reduced and the original routines should be given more scores.Lastly,more scientific researches into the area should be made.