半固态播种对水稻生长性状的影响及节水节肥效果研究

Effect of Semi-solid Seeding on Rice Growth Traits,Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency

为破解南方稻田灌溉用水和肥料施用不合理以及资源紧缺等一系列问题,通过水稻半固态播种与泡田整地播种的对比试验,研究水稻前期灌溉用水量及肥料不同施用方式对水稻生长性状的影响。结果表明：与泡田整地播种相比,水稻半固态播种拓宽了破胸稻种的吸水途径,提高了肥料利用效率,避免了有害环境因子的直接作用,有利于水稻出苗及壮苗的形成;同时,节约灌溉水资源2 250 m3/hm2,提高水分利用率;尿素施用减少20.75 kg/hm2,利用率增加11.06%;复合肥施用减少78.27~88.79 kg/hm2,利用率增加16.31%~18.50%;显著减少无效穗,增加有效穗,提高成穗率;显著增加每穗实粒数,提高每穗穗重和结实率;实现水稻增产,增幅为2.02%~5.06%。采用相应配套施肥方式,使水稻剑叶和倒二叶的SPAD维持在较高水平;延缓籽粒灌浆期间剑叶叶绿素a与叶绿素b的降解速率,实现了水稻高产栽培的节水节肥和资源高效利用。

In order to solve a serious of problems of unreasonable use of irrigation water, fertilizer and resource shortages in southern paddy, research the effect of different irrigation water consumptions and fertilizer application methods on rice growth traits by the contrast test of semi-solid rice sowing and steeping field tillage sowing. The results showed that： compare with the steeping field tillage sowing, semi-solid rice sowing broaden the water absorption pathway of the breaking chest rice, improve the fertilizer use efficiency, avoid the direct effect of harmful environmental factors, beneficial to the formation of rice seedling emergence and sound seedling. At the same time, saving irrigation water 2250 m3/hm2, increase water use efficiency; carbamide application was reduced by 20.75 kg/hm2, and the utilization rate increased by 11.06%; compound fertilizer reduced 78.27-88.79 kg/hm2, utilization rate increased to 16.31%-18.50%. Significantly reducing the invalid spike, increasing the effective spike, increasing spike rate, increasing the number of grains per spike, increasing the weight and seed setting rate; Achieve rice production, an increase of 2.02%-5.06%. Use the corresponding way of fertilization, maintain SPAD of the rice flag leaves and top 2nd leaves at high level; Delay the degradation rate of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in flag leaves during grain filling period, achieve the water saving, fertilizer saving and resource efficient utilization of high yield rice.