论皎然与陈子昂的诗学分歧——兼论皎然批评陈子昂的原因

On the Poetic Differences between JIAO Ran and CHEN Zi-ang:Also on the Reason for JIAO Ran's Criticism on CHEN Zi-ang

皎然和陈子昂的诗学分歧,主要表现在如下几方面。一是所面临的时代任务不同。陈子昂处在高宗、武后时期,此期文坛的主要使命是批评齐梁文风,倡导汉魏传统;皎然活跃于大历时期,此期作家的主要任务则是通过多种途径的创新来实现对盛唐的超越。二是诗歌理想不同。陈子昂所重的是慷慨悲壮、雄浑激昂的阳刚之美,皎然则恰好相反。三是诗道观不同。皎然重视诗歌艺术规律的探讨,陈子昂则更注重对诗歌内容的关切。四是两人的文学史观及研究文学史的方法不同。皎然的文学史观继承了刘勰等人的辩证思想而又做了进一步发展,主张变中有复,方法上主张论代和论人的统一;陈子昂则主张复多变少,方法上更着眼于整体,对个体的多样性顾及较少。这些分歧是皎然批评陈子昂的主要原因,也是皎然建立其诗学体系的前提。

The poetic differences between JIAO Ran and CHEN Zi-ang mainly manifests in the following several aspects. Firstly, they are confronted with different era mission. Living in different times, CHEN Zi- ang＇s main mission is to criticize the Qi- Liang style of writing, advocating the Han-Wei tradition, and JIAO Ran＇s is to realize the goal that surpasses the glorious age of Tang poetry through various channels. Secondly, they have different poetic ideal. CHEN Zi-ang appreciates the work with masculine beauty, but JIAO Ran just the opposite. Thirdly, they have different poetic view. JIAO Ran attaches great importance to the law of poetry, but CHEN Zi-ang focuses on the contents of the poetry. Fourthly, they have different literary historical views and research methods of literary history. JIAO Ran advocates inheriting and innovating in literature and tries to unify the age and character in his paper, but CHEN Zi-ang advocates innovation much less, and pays more attention to the whole. The above differences are the main causes that JIAO Ran criticizes CHEN Zi-ang as well as the presupposition that JIAO Ran establishes his poetic system.