不同死亡评价指标在艾滋病防治中的应用

Application of different death evaluation indicators for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment

自艾滋病抗病毒治疗药物出现以来，艾滋病已从致命性疾病转变为可控的慢性传染病。我国自2003年开始实行针对HIV感染者和AIDS患者的免费抗病毒治疗，为进一步评价抗病毒治疗的公共卫生效果，需要采用死亡评价指标。常用的死亡评价指标包括死亡率、病死率、超额死亡率、标化死亡比、潜在减寿年数、伤残调整寿命年和期望寿命。本文总结了国内外在艾滋病防治效果评价时所使用的各种死亡指标，并分别阐述这些指标的应用范围和意义，提出我国今后应在艾滋病防治效果评价中增加期望寿命和疾病负担等方面的研究。

AIDS has gradually changed from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic disease since the advent of antiretroviral drugs. In 2003, China initiated a national free antiretroviral treatment program for people living with HIV/AIDS, several death evaluation indicators have been used to evaluate public health effect of the program. Death evaluation indicators used frequently in domestic and overseas include mortality, case fatality rate, excess mortality, standard mortality ratio, years of potential life lost, disability-adjusted life year and life expectancy. This paper summarizes the different death indicators applied in effectiveness evaluation of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, elaborates the application range and significance of these indicators and suggests the research in related life expectancy and burden of disease which have not been conducted in China.